algebraische Datentypen:
abstract class Tree[A]
case class Leaf[A](key: A) extends Tree[A]
case class Branch[A]
(left: Tree[A], right: Tree[A])
extends Tree[A]
pattern matching:
def size[A](t: Tree[A]): Int = t match {
case Leaf(k) => 1
case Branch(l, r) => size(l) + size(r)
}
beachte: Typparameter in eckigen Klammern